Most early settlers were convicts, transported for petty crimes and assigned as labourers or servants to “free settlers” (willing immigrants). Once emancipated, convicts tended to integrate into colonial society. Aboriginal resistance, convict rebellions and bushranging were sometimes suppressed under martial law.^[58][59] The 1808 Rum Rebellion, carried out by officers of the New South Wales Corp, led to a temporary military junta.^[60] During the next two decades, social and economic reforms, together with the establishment of a Legislative Council and Supreme Court, saw the penal colony transition to a civil society.^[61]